An expository essay explains, discusses, or argues a point. It is the most common essay type in WAEC and makes up the majority of your Paper 2 score. A well-structured expository essay is clear, logical, and written in formal English.
The structure you must follow
Introduction (1 paragraph): Define the topic, state your main argument, and map what you will discuss. Do not use 'I think' or 'I believe.' Body (3-4 paragraphs): Each paragraph covers ONE main point. Start with a topic sentence, then develop with evidence, examples, and explanation. Conclusion (1 paragraph): Summarise your key points and state your final position. Do not introduce new ideas.
Topic sentences
Every body paragraph must begin with a topic sentence: one sentence that tells the reader exactly what the paragraph is about. Weak: 'Technology is used in many places.' Strong: 'Technology has fundamentally changed the way Nigerian students access educational resources.' A strong topic sentence is specific, arguable, and connects to your main thesis.
Language and expression
• Formal: avoid contractions, slang, and first-person opinion phrases. • Varied sentences: mix short punchy sentences with longer complex ones. • Connectives: use words like 'furthermore', 'however', 'consequently', 'in contrast' to link ideas. • Vocabulary: one well-chosen word beats three ordinary ones.
Key points
- Introduction: define the topic, state your argument
- Each body paragraph = one main point + evidence
- Conclusion: summarise, do not introduce new ideas
- Topic sentence opens every paragraph
- Formal language throughout: no slang or contractions
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WAEC tip
WAEC gives marks for content (ideas), organisation (structure), and expression (language). Spend 5 minutes planning your essay before you write: it prevents irrelevant tangents.
Practise this
Write an expository essay on the topic: 'The advantages and disadvantages of social media for secondary school students.' Use the structure above. Target: 400-450 words.
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